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Wine & Health ~ References

Anderson, P. (1998) Alcohol, cardiovascular diseases and public health policy. In Alcohol and Cardiovascular Diseases, Cadwick, D.J. and Goode, J.A., Eds, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, England, pp. 237-248.

Anon. (1993) Inhibition of LDL oxidation by phenolic substances in red wine: a clue to the French Paradox? Nutrition Reviews. 51:185-187.

Aviram, M. and Fuhrman, B. (1998) Polyphenolic flavonoids inhibit macrophagemediated oxidation of LDL and attenuate atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 137 (Suppl. April): S45-S50

Aviram, M. et al. (1999) Red wine consumption inhibits LDL oxidation and aggregation in humans and in atherosclerotic mice. Biofactors 6(4):415-9.

Barrett, D.H., Anda, R.F., Croft, J.B., Serdula, M.K. and Lane, M.J. (1995) The association between alcohol use and health behaviours related to the risk of cardiovascular disease: the South Carolina Cardiovacular Disease Prevention Project. J. Stud. Alc. 56 (1): 9-15.

Beckman, K.B and Ames, B.N. (1998) The Free Radical Theory of Aging Matures. Physiological Reviews. 78: 547-581.

Belguendouz, L., Fremont, L. and Linard,A. (1997) Resveratrol inhibits metal iondependent peroxidation of porcine low-density lipoproteins. BiochemicalPharmacology. 53(9):1347-1355.

Beretz, A., Stierle, A., Anton, R. and Cazenave, J.P. (1982) Role of cyclic AMP in the inhibition of human platelet aggregation by quercetin, a flavonoid that potentiates the effect of prostacyclin. Biochemical Pharmacology. 31(22):3597-3600.

Bertelli, A., Bertelli, A.A.E., Gozzini, A. and Giovannini, L. (1998) Plasma and tissue resveratrol concentrations and pharmacological activity. Drugs UnderExperimental and Clinical Research 24(3): 133-138.

Bertelli, A.A.E., Giovannini, L., Stradi, R., Bertelli, A. and Tillement, J.P. (1996) Plasma, urine and tissue levels of trans- and cis-resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) after short-term or prolonged administration of red wine to rats. International Journal of Tissue Reactions. 18(2-3):67-71.

Bisson, L. F. (1997) Metabolic syndrome X and the French Paradox In Wine:Nutritional and Therapeutic Benefits. Watkins, T.R.Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., pp180-195.

Bohm, H., Boeing, H. Hempel, J., Raab, B., and Kroke, A. (1998) Flavonols, flavones and anthocyanins as native antioxidants of food and their possible role in the prevention of chronic diseases. Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenchaft (1998) 37(2): 147-163.

Bosetti. C. et al. Wine and Other Types of Alcoholic Beverages and the Risk of Oesophageal Cancer. European Journal of Clinical Nutrician. 54:918-20.

Bradbury, J. (1997) Grapes are good for you but leave the skins on. [News; Science and medicine] The Lancet. 349: 107.

Britton, A. and K McPherson. (2001) Mortality in England and Wales attributable to current alcohol consumption. Journal of Epidemiol Community Health. 55:383-8.

Brown, C. J. (1997) The grapes of health. Canadian Medical Association Journal156:1262.

Caldú, P., Hurtado, I. and Fiol, C. (1995) White wine reduces the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63(3): 403.

Carbonneau, M.A., Leger, C. L., Descomps, B., Michel, F., and Monnier, L. (1998) Improvement in the antioxidant status of plasma and low-density lipoprotein in subjects receiving a red wine phenolics mixture. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 75(2): 235-240.

Carmargo, C., Stampfer, M., Glynn, R., Gaziano, J., Manson, J., Goldhaber, S. and Hennekens, C. (1997a) Prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and risk of peripheral arterial disease in US male physicians. Circulation 95: 577-580.

Carmargo, C., Stampfer, M.J., Meir, M.D., Glynn, R.J. et al. (1997b) Moderate alcohol consumption and risk for angina pectris or myocardial infarction in U.S. male physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine 126: 372-375.

Chatenoud. L et al. (2000) Wine Drinking and Diet in Italy. European Journal of Clinical Nutrician. 55:177-79

Clèment, M.V., Hirpara, J.L., Chawdhury, S.-H. and Pervaiz, S.(1988) Chemoprotective agent resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes, triggers CD95 signalling-dependent apoptosis in human tumour cells. Blood 92(3):996-1002.

Conquer, J. A., Maiani, G., Azzini, E., Raguzzini, A. and Holub, B.J. (1998) Supplementation with quercetin markedly increases plasma quercetin concentration without effect on selected risk factors for heart disease in healthy subjects. Journal of Nutrition 128: 595-597.

Constant, J. (1997) Alcohol, ischemic heart disease, and the French paradox. Coron Artery Dis Oct;8(10):645-9.

Constant, J. (1997) Alcohol, ishemic heart disease, and the French paradox.[review] Coronary Artery Disease 8(10): 645-649.

Cordain, L., Bryan, E.D., Melby, C.L. and Smith, M.J. (1997) Influence of moderate daily wine consumption on body weith regulation and metabolism in healthy free-living males. J. Am. College of Nutrition 16 (2): 134-139.

Corvazier, E., and Maclouf, J. (1985) interference of some flavonoids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammmatory drugs with oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid by human platelets and neutrophils. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 835: 315- 321.

Criqui, M. H. (1998) Do known cardiovascular risk factors mediate the effect of alcohol on cardiovascular disease? In Alcohol and Cardiovascular Diseases, Cadwick, D.J. and Goode, J.A., Eds, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, England, pp. 159-167.

Criqui, M. H. and Ringel, B.L. (1994) Does diet or alcohol explain the French paradox? Lancet 344: 1719-23.

Cuevas, A.M., Guasch, V., Castillo, O., et al. (2000) A high fat diet induces and red wine counteracts endothelial function in human volunteers. Lipids 35(2): 143-148.

Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., Spiegelman, D. and Stampfer, M.J. (1996) Prospective study of beverage use and the risk of kidney stones. Am. J.Epidemiology 143 (3): 240-247.

Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Speizer, F.E. and Stampfer, M.J. (1998) Beverage use and risk for kidney stones in women. Ann. Intern. Med. 128 (7): 534-540.

De Lorgeril M. et al. (2002) Wine drinking and risks of cardiovascular complications after recent acute myocardial infarction. Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association. September.

De Rijke, Y.B., Demacker, P.N.M., Assen, N.A., et al. (1995) Red wine consumption and oxidation of low-density lipoproteins [letter]. Lancet 345(8945): 325-326.

De Rijke, Y.B., Demacker, P.N.M., Assen, N.A., et al. (1996) Red wine consumption does not affect oxidizability of low-density lipoproteins in volunteers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63: 329-334.

Degroot, H. and Rauen, U. (1998) Tissue injury by reactive oxygen species and the protective effects of flavonoids [Review]. Fundamental and ClinicalPharmacology 12(3): 249-255.

Demrow, H.S., Slane, P.R. and Folts, J.D. (1995) Coronary artery disease/platelets: Administration of wine and grape juice inhibits in vivo platelet activity and thrombosis in stenosed canine coronary arteries. Ciculation 91: 1182-1188.

Di Castelnuovo, A., Rotondo, S., Iacovielle, L., Donati, M. and de Gaetano, G. (2000) Wine consumption and vascular risk: A meta-analysis. Proceedings, XXVeme Congress Mondial de la Vigne et du Vin, Paris, 19-23 June, 2000, Section IV, Wine and Health, pp. 9-16.

Doll, R, Peto, R., Hall, E., Wheatley, K. and Gray, R. (1994) Mortality in relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observation on male British doctors. TheBritish Medical Journal 309: 911-918.

Doll, R. (1997) One for the heart [Clinical review] The British Medical Journal 315:1664-1668.

Duthie, G.G. et al. The effect of whisky and wine consumption on total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of plasma from healthy volunteers. Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. Elattar, T.M. and Virji, A.S. (1999a)

Elattar, T.M. and Virji, A.S. (1999b) The effect of red wine and its components on growth and proliferation of human oral squamous carcinoma cells. AnticancerResearch 19(6b): 5407-5414.

Ellison, R.C. (2000) The bottom line - do moderate wine drinkers live longer? Proceedings, XXVeme Congress Mondial de la Vigne et du Vin, Paris, 19-23 June, 2000, Section IV, Wine and Health, pp. 1-8.

Fartzov, K., Drenska, D., Batchvarova, E., and Kuzarova, T. (1994) Effect of anthocyanins on phagocytic activity of mice mice peritoneal macrophages. Journal of Wine Research 5: 237-240.

Fauconneau, B., Waffo-Teguo, P., Huguet, F. et al. (1997) Comparative study of radical scavenger and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from Vitis vinifera cell cultures using in vitro tests. Life Sciences 61(21):2103-2110.

Finkel, H. E. (1996) Wine and Health: A Review and Perspective. Journal of Wine Research 7: 157-196.

Finkel, H.E. (1998) In Vino Sanitas? Savage MD: Society of Wine Educators.

Fitzpatrick D. F., Hirschfield, S.L. and Coffey, R.G. (1993) Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing activity of wine and other grape products. American Journal of Physiology 265: H774-H778.

Folts, J.D. et al. (1997) Inhibition of platelet activity with red wine and grape products. Biofactors 6(4):411-4.

Fontecave, M., Lepoivre, M., Elleingand, E., Gerez, C. and Guittet, O. (1998) Resveratrol, a remarkable inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase. FEBS Letters 421: 277-279.

Formica, J, V. and Regelson, W. (1995) Review of the biology of quercetin and related bioflavonoids. Food Chemistry and Toxicology 33:1061-1080.

Frankel, E, N., Kanner, J., German, J.B., Parks, E. and Kinsella, J.E. (1993a) Inhibition of Oxidation of Human Low-density Lipoprotein by Phenolic Substances in Red Wine. Lancet 341: 454-457.

Frankel, E. N., Waterhouse, A.L. and Teissedre, P.L.(1995) Principal phenolic phytochemicals in selected California wines and their antioxidant activity in inhibiting oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry 43: 890-894.

Frankel, E.N., Waterhouse, A.L., and Kinsella, J.E. (1993b) Inhibition of human LDL oxidation by resveratrol. Lancet 341: 1103-1104.

Friedman, G.D. and Klatsky, A.L. (1993) Is alcohol good for your health? New England J. Med. 329 (25): 1882-1883.

Friedman, L. A. and Kimball, A. W. (1986) Coronary heart disease mortality and alcohol consumption in Framingham. American Journal of Epidemiology 124:481-489.

Frohlich, J. J. (1996) Effects of alcohol on plasma lipoprotein metabolism. Clinica Chimica Acta 246: 39-49.

Fuchs, C., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A. et al. (1995) Alcohol consumption and Mortality among women. The New England Journal of Medicine 332: 1245- 1250.

Furhman B., Lavy, A. and Aviram, M. (1995) Consumption of red wine with meals reduces the susceptibilty of human plasma and low-density lipoprotein to lipid peroxidation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61: 549-554.

Garcia Colmenero, C. et al. (1998) Wine consumption and ischemic heart disease mortality in Spain. Med Clin (Barc) Jul 4;111(4):142-4.

Gaziano, J. M. et al. (1998) Potential mortality benefits for drinkers with previous heart attacks. The Lancet .352: M 1882-1885.

Gaziano, J. M., Buring, J.E., Breslow, J.L. et al. (1993) Moderate alcohol intake, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein and its subfractions, and decreased risk of myocardial infarction. The New England Journal of Medicine 329: 1829-1834.

Gaziano, J., Hennekens, C., Glynn, R. and Buring, J. (1997) Light-to-moderate alcohol intake following myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Circulation 96 (8S): 717- 718-I.

Gaziano, J.M. and Buring, J.E. (1998) Alcohol intake, lipids and risks of myocardial infarction. In Alcohol and Cardiovascular Diseases, Cadwick, D.J. and Goode, J.A., Eds, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, England, pp. 86-95.

Gaziano, J.M. and Hennekens, C. (1995) Royal Colleges' advice on alcohol consumption [Editorial]. The Britisih Medical Journal 311: 3-4.

Gaziano, J.M., Hennekens, C.H., Godfried, S.L. et al. (1999) Type of alcoholic beverage and risk of myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiology 83 (1): 52-57.

Gehm, B., McAndrews, J. M., Chen, P.-Y., and Jameson, J. (1997) Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in grapes and wine, is an agonist for the estrogen receptor. Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Science USA 94: 14138-14143.

Ghiselli, A. Nardini, M., Baldi, A. and Scaccini, C. (1998) Antioxidant activity of different phenolic fractions separated from an Italian red wine. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry 46(2):361-367

Goldberg, D. M., Garovic-Kocic, V., Diamandis, E.P. and Pace-Asciak, C.R. (1996) Wine: Does the colour count?. Clinica Chimica Acta 246:183-193.

Goldberg, D. M., Hahn, S.E. and Parkes, J.G.(1995) Beyond alcohol: Beverage consumption and cardiovascular mortality. Clinica Chimica Acta 237:155-187.

Goldberg, D.M. (1995) Does wine work? [editorial] Clinical Chemistry 41(1): 14-16

Goldberg, D.M., Soleas, G.J., Hahn, S.E., Diamandis, E.P. and Karumanchiri, A. (1997) Identification and assay of trihydroxystilbenes in wine and their biological properties. In Wine: Nutritional and Therapeutic Benefits. Watkins, T.R.Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., pp 24-43.

Gordis, E. (1999) Alcohol and coronary heart disease - A commentary. Alcohol Alert 45: 3.

Groenbaek, M, et. Al. (2000) Type of Alcohol Consumed and Mortality from All Causes, Coronary Heart Disease, and Cancer. Annals of Internal Medicine. 133: 411-419.

Groenbaek, M., Deis, A., Sorensen, T.I.A. et al. (1995) Mortality associated with moderate intakes of wine, beer, or spirits. The British Medical Journal 310: 1165-1169

Gronbaek, M. (1997) Positive effects of alcohol drinking? Nord Med Dec;112(10):367-9.

Guyton, A. and Hall, J. (1996) Textbook of Medical Physiology. (9th ed.) Pennsylvannia: W.B. Saunders Company.

Halpern, M. J., Dahlgren, A.L., Laakso, I. et al. (1998) Red-wine polyphenols and inhibition of platelet aggregation - possible mechanisms, and potential use in health promotion and disease prevention. Journal of International Medical Research 26(4):171-180.

Hayek, T., Fuhrman, B., Vaya, J., et al. (1997) Reduced progression of artherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice following consumption of red wine, or its polyphenols quercetin or catechin, is associated with reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and aggregation. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 17(11): 2744-2752.

Hegele, R. A. (1996) The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Clinica Chimica Acta 246: 21-38.

Hendriks, H.F.J. and van der Gaag, M.S. (1998) Alcohol, coagulation and fibrinolysis. In Alcohol and Cardiovascular Diseases, Cadwick, D.J. and Goode, J.A., Eds, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, England, pp. 111-124.

Hendriks, H.F.J., Veenstra, J., Wierik, E.J.M., et al. (1994) Effect of moderate dose of alcohol with evening meal on fibrinolytic factors. British Medical Journal 308: 1003-1006.

Henn, T. and Stehle, P. (1998) Total phenolics and antioxidant activity of commercial wines, teas and fruit juices. Ernahrungs-Umshau 45(9):308.

Hertog, M, G, L. Feskens, E.J.M., Hollman, P.C.H., et al. (1993a) Dietary antioxidant Flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet. 342:1007-1011.

Hertog, M, G, L., Feskens, E.J.M. and Kromhout, D. (1997) Antioxidant flavonols and coronary heart disease risk. Lancet 349: 699.

Hertog, M. G. L., Hollman, P.C.H. and van de Putte, B. (1993b) Content of potentially anticarcingenic Flavonoids of Tea Infusions, Wines, and Fruit Juices. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41:1242-1246.

Hirvonen, T., Pietinen, P., Virtanen, M., Albanes, D and Virtamo, J. (1999) Nutrient intake and use of beverages and the risk of kidney stones among male drinkers. Am. J. Epidemiology 150 (2): 187-194.

Holmes-McNary, M. and A. Baldwin Jr. (2000) Chemopreventative Properties of trans-Resveratrol are associated with inhibition of activation of the kB Kinase. Cancer Research.60: 3477-3483.

Howard, B. V. and Kritchevsky, D. (1997) Pytochemicals and cardiovascular disease: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 95: 2591-2593.

Hsieh, T.C. and Wu, J.M. (1999) Differential effects on growth, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis by resveratrol in human prostate cancer cell lines. Exp. Cell. Res. 249 (1): 109-115.

Hurtado, I., Caldu, P., Gonzalo, A. et al. (1997) Antioxidative capacity of wine on human LDL oxidation in vitro: Effect of skin contact in winemaking of white wine. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry 45:1283-1289.

Husain, S.R., Cillard, J. and Cillard, P. (1987) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of flavonoids. Phytochemistry 26(9): 2489-2491.

Jan, C.-Y., Takahama, U. and Kimura, M. (1991) Inhibition of photooxidation of á- Tocopherol by quercetin in human blood cell membranes in the presence of hematoporphyrin as a.photosensitiser. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1086:7- 14.

Jang, M., Cai, L., Udeani, G.O. et al. (1997) Cancer Chemoprotective activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes. Science 275: 218-220.

Jarman. J., Glover, V. and Sandler, M. (1991) Release of (14C)5-hydroxytryptamine from human platelets by red wine. Life Sciences 48: 2297-2300.

Jessup, W., Rankin, S.M., De Whalley, C.V., Hoult, J.R.S., Scott, J. and Leake, D.S. (1990) á-Tocopherol consumption during low-density-lipoprotein oxidation. Biochemical Journal 265:399-405.

Kannel, W. B. and Ellison, R. C. (1996) Alcohol and coronary heart disease: the evidence for a protective effect. Clinica Chimica Acta 246:59-76.

Kaufman, H. S. (1992) The red wine headache and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors: a blind controlled study. Journal of Wine Research 3: 43-46.

Keil, U. et al. (1997) The relation of alcohol intake to coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality in a beer-drinking population. Epidemiology Mar;8(2):150-6.

Kiechl, S., Willeit, J., Rungger, G., Egger, G., Oberhollenzer, F. and Bonora, E. (1998) Alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis - What is the relation - prospective results from the Bruneck study. Stroke 29(5): 900-907.

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Klatsky, A.L. (1996a) Alcohol and hypertension. Clin. Chim. Acta 246 (1-2): 91- 105.

Klatsky, A.L. (1996b) Alcohol, coronary disease, and hypertension. Ann. Rev. Med. 47: 149-160.

Klatsky, A.L., Armstrong, M.A. and Friedman, G.D. (1997) Red wine, white wine, liquor, beer and risk for coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiology 80 (4): 416-420.

Klatsky, A.L., Armstrong, M.A. and Kipp, H. (1990) Correlates of alcoholic beverage preference: traits of persons who choose wine, liquor or beer. British J. Addiction 85 (10): 1279-89.

Knekt, P., Jarvinen, R., Reunanen, A. and Maatela, J. (1996) Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study. British Medical Journal 312:478-481.

Knupfer, G. (1991) Abstaining for foetal health: the fiction that even light drinking is dangerous. British Journal of Addiction 86: 1063-1073.

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Kopp. P. (1998) Resveratrol, a phytoestrogen found in red wine: a possible explanation for the conundrum of the 'French paradox?'. Eur. J. Endocrinology 138: 619-620.

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Maxwell, S., Cruickshank, A. and Thorpe, G. (1994) Red wine and antioxidant activity in serum. [letter] Lancet 344: 193-194.

Maxwell, S.R.J. (1997) Wine Antioxidants and their impact on antioxidant activity in vivo. In Wine: Nutritional and Therapeutic Benefits. Watkins, T.R.Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., pp150-163.

McMurtrey, K.D. (1997) Resveratrol in wine. In Wine: Nutritional and Therapeutic Benefits. Watkins, T.R.Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., pp. 44-55.

Melville, C. (1994) Red wine, tea, and antioxidant. [Letters to the editor] Lancet 344: 626.

Mérillon, J., Fauconneau, B., Waffo Teguo, P., Barrier, L., Vercauteren, J. and Huguet, F. (1997) Antioxidant activity of the stilbene astringin, newly extracted from Vitis vinifera cell cultures. Clinical Chemistry 43: 1092-1093.

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Mgbonyebi, O.P., Russo, J. and Russo, I.H. (1998) Antiproliferative effect of synthetic resveratrol on human breast epithelial cells. Int. J. Oncology 12(4): 865-869.

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Morel, I., Lescoat, G., Cillard, P. and Cillard, J. (1994) Role of flavonoids and iron chelation in antioxidant action Methods in Enzymology 234: 437-443

Moroney, M.-A., Alcaraz, M.J., Forder, R.A., Carey, F. and Hoult, R. (1988) Selectivity of Neutrophil 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase inhibition by an anti-inflammatory flavonoid glycoside and related aglycone flavonoids. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 40: 787-792.

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Muldoon, M.F. and Kritchevsky, S.B. (1996) Flavonoids and heart disease: Evidence of benefit still fragmentary. [Editorial] British Medical Journal 312: 458-459.

Muller, C. J., and Fugelsang, K. C. (1994) Take two glasses of wine and see me in the morning. [Letters to the editor] The Lancet 343: 1428-1429.

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Norrie, P.A. (1997) Wine and health update. Australian Grapegrower and Winemaker 402A: 31.

Obisesan, T. and Hirsch, R. (1998) Moderate wine consumption is associated with decreased odds of developing age-related macular degeneration in HNAES-1. J. Am Geriatrics Soc. 46 (1): 1-7.

Orgogozo, J.-M., Dartigues, J.-F., Lafont, L. et al. (1997) Wine consumption and the elderly: A prospective community study in the Bordeaux area. Revue Neurologique (Paris) 153 (3): 185-192.

Pace-Asciak, C. R., Hahn, S., Diamandis, E.P., Soleas, G. and Goldberg, D. M. (1995) The red wine phenolics trans-resvertrol and quercetin block human platelet aggregation and eicosanoid synthesis: Implications for protection against coronary heart disease. Clinca Chimica Acta 235:207-219.

Pace-Asciak, C. R., Rovnova, D., Hahn, S.E., Diamandis, E.P. and Goldberg, D. M. (1996) Wines and grape juices as modulators of platelet aggregation in healthy human subjects. Clinica Chimica Acta 246:163-182.

Pendurthi, U.R. et al. (1999) Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in wine, inhibits tissue factor expression in vascular cells : A possible mechanism for the cardiovascular benefits associated with moderate consumption of wine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Feb;19(2):419-26.

Perret, B. et al. (2002) Alcohol consumption is associated with enrichment of high-density lipoprotein particles in polyunsaturated lipids and increased cholesterol esterificiation rate. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 26(8): 1134-1140.

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This website presents information on the health benefits that may be attributed to the moderate and responsible consumption of wine. This information is provided as a service to the public with all information coming from third party sources. It is for educational purposes only and should not be used for advertising or marketing purposes or as a substitute for professional medical advice. The Canadian Vintners Association supports the responsible and moderate consumption of wine, but does not advocate non-drinkers begin drinking for the health benefits associated with wine. The abuse or over-consumption of wine or any other alcoholic beverage increases the risk of short and long term harm to health and should be avoided.

Please enjoy our product in moderation and drink responsibly.

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